The goal of the monograph is to present the science education of primary school pupils in its full breadth and outline the path to raising the level of this type of education. This potential is presented by the content of science education, which meets the current educational needs of pupils and, at the same time, the request for an increase the level of their science literacy and environmental sensitivity. The monograph presents an offer of teaching forms and strategies, methods with higher pupil participation, as well as characteristics of a stimulating and safe educational environment. Emphasis is also placed on the issue of formative assessment, its principles, strategies and means in science education in primary school and the role of the primary teacher as a facilitator of the educational process. The analysis of teachers' competencies in the field of implementation of constructivist approaches in educational process in primary school is the result of published research.