Disorders of the menstrual cycle, which manifest themselves as manifestations of abnormal uterine bleeding, significantly affect the quality of life of women and at the same time represent one of the most common reasons for a woman to visit a gynaecologist. Effective management of menstrual cycle disorders requires a broad knowledge of the physiology and pathophysiology of the female reproductive system. This publication presents clear diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms for the management of menstrual cycle disorders and their endocrinological and reproductive aspects. In addition to summarizing current information regarding the historical and cultural perspective on menstruation and evolutionary aspects of human reproduction, the publication also provides an overview of current theories of the physiology and pathophysiology of neurohumoral cycle control, basic etiologic factors of abnormal uterine bleeding, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic approaches. The publication is also designed as a practical teaching material and is intended not only for gynecologists but also for other medical disciplines that encounter manifestations of menstrual cycle disorders. The publication is published in a second updated and expanded edition.